نشریه آسیب های اجتماعی کودک و نوجوان
پیاپی 43 (پاییز 1402)

Different strata of society are always exposed to various social harms according to their social position. Students are considered a typical example of these classes. According to the age group of students, their social harms are also different. Recognizing and investigating these damages can be effective in planning, controlling and managing them. In this research, the aim is to analyze the social harms of second secondary students in the form of a case study in the county of Izeh. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field studies using questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was conducted through the elites and the reliability was also confirmed with Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.70. The statistical population of the research is made up of the students of the second secondary level of Izeh city, who were randomly selected. Due to the large size of the statistical population, the sample size was determined to be 150 people, and finally 136 questionnaires were completed. Analyzes were done in spss software and with appropriate statistical tests. The result of the test showed that social harms were significant at a level less than 0.05. The most social damage among the students of the second secondary level was cyberspace damage with an average of 4.308. Also, moral and social misbehavior with an average of 4.102 is ranked second among social harms. The result of the analysis of variance also showed that there was a significant difference of less than 0.05 among the students in terms of educational levels. In this context, the biggest difference was related to the third level of education with an average of 3.893. Also, no difference was observed between male and female students in terms of social damage.

One of the most important individual and social actions is the correct guidance and education of children and teenagers for the future. An action that is an undeniable and necessary condition for the growth and development of human society and to reach an ideal society. The aim of the current research is to analyze the criminal factors of children and adolescents in Behshahr coastal city of Mazandaran province.In terms of purpose, the present research is of applied type and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive and survey type. The statistical population of the research is boys between the ages of 7-18 years in the coastal city of Behshahr, whose statistical sample is 377 people using the Karjesi Morgan table and was randomly estimated and selected. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire of social interactions and a standard questionnaire for the prevention of crimes of faith (2014). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by respected professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha formula as 0.76 and 0.74 respectively. The data analysis method is based on SPSS software and analyzed using two descriptive and inferential methods (Kolmogrove-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient, multiple regression and Friedman test(.The findings of data analysis showed what are the criminal factors of children and teenagers. Also, factors including (social, economic, physiological factors) have a positive and significant effect on the criminalization of children and teenagers. According to Friedman's test, the highest mean allocation was for the social factor, then the economic factor, and finally the physiological factor.The results show that the cause of delinquency mostly originates from the family, school environment and friends, and the more inadequacies and problems there are in the family and society, the more children and teenagers are drawn to crime.

Security is always one of the important indicators of the growth and development of an urban area. This index can be injected to citizens from different aspects and improve its level. This issue is very important in big cities; Meanwhile, women's sense of security is emphasized from different aspects in the development of cities. The widespread presence of women in society and their participation in urban social activities makes it necessary to create elements and urban spaces suitable for the presence of this group in public spaces and planning to improve women's security. The purpose of this research is to evaluate women's sense of security in District 7 of Tehran, which has been investigated and analyzed. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data collection. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by elites and reliability with Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.789. Data analysis was done with statistical tests in spss software. The result of the research shows that in Haft region of Tehran, the social security of women is in an average and good condition; According to the findings, indicators such as mental and psychological problems, indicators of the poverty situation in the neighborhoods, women's social trust in each other, peace and comfort in public spaces, life safety, financial security situation, job security situation, economic base situation, security Fakhri (not having to worry), the efficiency of the security and police forces, the crime situation in the city and women's respect for each other are in an acceptable state.

 Theft is one of the crimes that has a great impact on the security and sense of securityin the society, the prevention and reduction of which has always been one of theconcerns of the police organizations. Therefore, demanding and making responsible isvery important in the process of crime prevention. This research was conducted with theaim of investigating the mechanisms of making non-governmental organizationsresponsible for preventing theft (the case of study of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiariprovince). The current research is based on the purpose of the applied type, based onthe nature and design of the research in a qualitative way. The tool used in the researchwill be a semi-structured interview. The statistical population was divided into twoqualitative groups: 14 experts in the field of police station performance and 175quantitative groups using Cochran's formula. Data analysis was done using SPSSsoftware and descriptive and survey statistics were used for data analysis. The findingsin the qualitative section showed that accountability mechanisms were identified in fourcategories: cultural mechanisms, social mechanisms, economic mechanisms, andsecurity and preventive mechanisms. The research results showed that strengtheningthese mechanisms can be effective in preventing theft.

Identifying the causes of accidents and subsequently reducing road casualties has always been one of the concerns of the police. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the causes of agricultural vehicle accidents studied in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and in a descriptive manner. The information was collected by two methods, including a receipt from the police incident system and a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.78. The statistical population in this research, in the first part, all accidents involving agricultural tools and equipment in a 5-year period, including 52 cases, and in the second part, all the executive staff and headquarters of the provincial road police, whose number was 105 people. Descriptive statistics and Friedman's t-test were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that out of a total of 52 incidents in 1400, the most frequent accidents occurred with 15 incidents. Also, Lordegan city has the highest place occurrence and summer season and 4 pm to 12 midnight have the highest time occurrence. It also shows that out of 52 accidents, in 31 cases, agricultural implements have been identified as the culprit of the accident. The results of the questionnaire also showed that the human factor with an average rank of 4.85, the vehicle factor with an average rank of 3.91, the environmental factors with an average rank of 3.51 and the geometric factor with an average rank of 2.78 are respectively. The results showed that paying attention to the human factor in accidents and activating police patrols at peak times and high-risk areas can be effective in preventing accidents.